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Frederick Gale Ruffner, Jr. : ウィキペディア英語版 | Frederick Gale Ruffner, Jr. Frederick Gale Ruffner, Jr. was an American publisher born in Akron, Ohio on August 26, 1926. He died August 12, 2014 at the age of 88.〔("Frederick Gale Ruffner, Jr." Grosse Pointe News. – Retrieved October 3, 2014 )〕〔("Gale Research founder Frederick Ruffner dies at 88" Crain's Detroit Business. – Retrieved October 3, 2014 )〕〔("Frederick Ruffner, founder of reference book powerhouse Gale Research, dies at 88" Detroit Free Press. – Retrieved October 3, 2014 )〕〔("Publisher was 'a pioneer of the information age'" Detroit News. – Retrieved October 3, 2014 )〕 ==Publishing career== Ruffner founded Gale Research in 1954 while working as a market researcher for the General Detroit Corporation,〔("Gale Founder Frederick Ruffner Dies at 88" Library Journal. – Retrieved October 3, 2014 )〕 a manufacturer of fire extinguishers and fire trucks. Early Gale publications included the ''National Directory of Rack Jobbers'' 〔(Library of Congress LCCN Permalink for 57013216 )〕 and the ''National Directory of Trading Stamp Houses''〔(Library of Congress LCCN Permalink for 57013217 )〕 His first major success was the Encyclopedia of Associations, (originally titled the ''Encyclopedia of American Associations'') in 1956.〔(Library of Congress LCCN Permalink for 59006963 )〕 Beginning with the third edition, the title was changed to the ''Encyclopedia of Associations''.〔(Library of Congress LCCN Permalink for 76046129 )〕 Other major publications included Contemporary Authors and the Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ruffner sold Gale to Thomson in 1985.〔McCracken, Jeffrey. "Gale Research to merge. (merger between Gale Research Co. and The Thompson Group)." Crain's Detroit Business. Crain Communications, Inc. September 21, 1998. Retrieved February 23, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-21199527.html〕 In 1985, Ruffner founded the publishing company Omnigraphics with his son Peter. In 1986, Ruffner founded the Literary Landmarks Association to recognize historic sites related to major literary figures and events.〔( "Literary Landmarks - American Library Association" )〕 Ruffner was awarded an honorary membership in the American Library Association in 1987.〔(American Library Association's Honorary Member Listing )〕
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